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Patients with BN may binge eat to compensate for a hypo-responsive reward system. The disorder can wreak havoc on normal eating in a variety of ways. It is a fear of swallowing that manifests in various symptoms without any apparent physical reason detectable by a traditional assessment. However, further neurobiological studies are required to investigate pathological fear learning in patients with AN. Phagophobia is a word that comes from Greek phagein, eat and phobos, fear. Discussion:Īnxiety and pathological fear learning may lead to conditioned neural stimulus-response patterns to food stimuli and increased cognitive rigidity, which could account for the phobic avoidance of food intake in patients with acute AN. Additionally, patients with BN exhibit impaired brain activation in the inhibitory control network during the performance of general response–inhibition tasks. Results in patients with BN primarily suggest a hypo-responsive reward system to food stimuli, especially to taste reward. A person who suffers from pathological naivete is not gullible or stupid. The gullible person cannot see the red flags, due to deficits in perception and reasoning ability.

Pathological naivete is not the same as gullibility. Furthermore, patients with AN show decreased activation in the ventral fronto-striatal circuits during the performance of a cognitive flexibility task. Pathological naivete is a trauma response to childhood adversity. Results:Īvailable neuroimaging studies in patients with acute AN primarily suggest a hyper-responsive emotional and fear network to food, but not necessarily to eating disorder-unrelated, salient stimuli. Method:Ī review highlighting the current state of brain imaging in eating disorders related to the anxiety and pathological fear learning model of anorexia nervosa (AN) and the impulsivity model of binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN). A better understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms could improve psychotherapeutic and drug treatment strategies. Inadequate response to current therapeutic interventions constitutes a challenging clinical problem. Eating disorders are serious psychosomatic disorders with high morbidity and lifetime mortality.